The gender and access to health services study: final report

Men and women frequently think and behave differently. To observe this is not to suggest anything so absurdly simple as that there are only male and female ways of being; behaviours and thought processes vary according to numerous other factors besides gender. That this is very generally the case however, does mean that there are broad - and often broadly predictable - differences in the way men and women engage with the world. Most commercial organisations understand this very well and plan accordingly. Many public authorities recognise it too and take these differences into account when developing and providing services. For historical reasons however the NHS has rarely done so. It is widely known that there are differences between men and women in the incidence and prevalence of most health conditions. Sometimes there are clear biological reasons for these differences but often there are not. Where biology offers little or no enlightenment, other questions need to be asked: · Do men and women behave in ways that predispose them to particular health conditions to different degrees? · Do men and women use health services with different degrees of effectiveness? · Do men and women receive differerent kinds of service from the NHS? The answer is – yes, these things happen frequently. This is sometimes to the disadvantage of one sex and sometimes to the disadvantage of the other. Sometimes it is to the disadvantage of both. And when these things happen, health outcomes are often affected. This report looks at the reasons why gender is such an important and fundamental determinant of health status and considers the ways in which gender inequalities can be tackled within the present legislative and policy framework. It also brings together the knowledge and evidence in relation to six specific areas of health concerns

Multimegawatt thermionic reactor systems for space applications

Design features and performance characteristics of thermionic reactor systems for space application

Tort Claims against the State: Comparative and Categorical Analyses of the Ohio Court of Claims Act and Interpretations of the Act in Tort Litigation against the State

Upon passage of the Ohio Court of Claims Act of 1975, the State of Ohio waived its sovereign immunity and consented to be sued in a court established solely for that purpose. Within a relatively short period of time, the Ohio Court of Claims has made a significant imprint on the development of tort law in Ohio, distinguishing itself in its efforts to provide an effective forum for those injured by the state or one of its instrumentalities while defining the limits beyond which state liability for tortious conduct will not extend. As might be expected of a new court interpreting a new statute, the court of claims at times has been a little too zealous in guarding the boundaries of governmental liability, and the methods of analysis employed by it have lacked the precision that comes with experience. This article is aimed at assisting practitioners before the court by analyzing areas that need clarification or re-examination so that the court, with the assistance of those who practice before it, may move toward greater accuracy and consistency in carrying out the remedial objective of the Act

Tort Claims against the State: Comparative and Categorical Analyses of the Ohio Court of Claims Act and Interpretations of the Act in Tort Litigation against the State

Upon passage of the Ohio Court of Claims Act of 1975, the State of Ohio waived its sovereign immunity and consented to be sued in a court established solely for that purpose. Within a relatively short period of time, the Ohio Court of Claims has made a significant imprint on the development of tort law in Ohio, distinguishing itself in its efforts to provide an effective forum for those injured by the state or one of its instrumentalities while defining the limits beyond which state liability for tortious conduct will not extend. As might be expected of a new court interpreting a new statute, the court of claims at times has been a little too zealous in guarding the boundaries of governmental liability, and the methods of analysis employed by it have lacked the precision that comes with experience. This article is aimed at assisting practitioners before the court by analyzing areas that need clarification or re-examination so that the court, with the assistance of those who practice before it, may move toward greater accuracy and consistency in carrying out the remedial objective of the Act

Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Broken Fibers in Macerated Wood A Research Note

A high ratio of broken to unbroken fibers in macerated wood samples has generally been considered to indicate the presence of minute compression failures and hence brittle heart in wood. It has been found that agitation during maceration produces broken fibers. The counting of broken fibers from macerations is therefore questionable as a technique for quantifying brittle heart and hence the brash-ness of wood